Kaempferol produces an anti-inflammatory impact that combats the immune response seen in meals allergic reactions by growing Raldh2 expression in intestinal dendritic cells in a concentration-dependent method, thus accelerating regulatory T-cell growth. Credit score: Chiharu Nishiyama at Tokyo College of Science, Japan
Allergic ailments resembling bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and meals allergic reactions have been growing in frequency over the previous couple of years. Meals allergic reactions specifically have an effect on thousands and thousands of individuals worldwide—this contains allergic reactions to meals resembling milk, peanuts, eggs and shellfish.
They’re sometimes attributable to the immune system being hypersensitive to innocent substances in meals and the surroundings. Flavonoids are chemical compounds current in varied vegatables and fruits which might be identified to have anti-allergic results and present promise as pure allergic therapies.
To higher perceive how these allergic reactions will be handled, let us take a look at an fascinating anti-allergic mechanism in our cells. Within the intestines, specialised dendritic cells (DCs) produce an enzyme known as RALDH2 (retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2) which converts retinal, a chemical derived from vitamin A, to retinoic acid.
This retinoic acid then promotes the event of regulatory T-cells, a kind of immune cell that may suppress the immune response noticed in allergic reactions.
Clearly, RALDH2 performs an essential position in combating meals allergic reactions; nevertheless, are there any flavonoids that may enhance RALDH2 ranges in DCs?
This was the query answered by a gaggle of researchers led by Professor Chiharu Nishiyama on the Tokyo College of Science (TUS), in a letter revealed on-line in Allergy on December 11, 2024.
Of their examine, the authors screened round 40 totally different flavonoids to see in the event that they elevated RALDH2 ranges in DCs. The simplest of those was a compound known as kaempferol, which they selected to check additional. The first contributors to this examine had been Ms. Miki Takahashi, a 2023 graduate from TUS, Dr. Kazuki Nagata, Assistant Professor at TUS, and Ms. Yumi Watanuki, a 2019 graduate from TUS.
Kaempferol is present in quite a lot of meals resembling kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. Additionally it is one of the vital closely studied flavonoids as a result of its useful results on the human physique. The researchers noticed that kaempferol remedy elevated the expression and effectivity of RALDH2 in DCs. Moreover, the kaempferol-treated DCs had been discovered to advertise regulatory T-cell growth, underscoring its position in controlling the immune response.
To grasp the precise mechanism concerned on this course of, they centered on a receptor known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which is focused by kaempferol. Their experiments on DCs prompt that kaempferol acts as an antagonist or blocks AhR, which in flip accelerates regulatory T-cell growth. The subsequent step was to have a look at components affecting the Aldh1a2 gene, which really produces Radlh2.
“In the past, we reported that PU.1 and IRF-4 were key molecules that regulated the Aldh1a2 gene in dendritic cells,” says Prof. Nishiyama. “In this study, we found that PU.1 and IRF-4 expression and function were enhanced in dendritic cells stimulated with kaempferol,” she additional explains, elucidating the PU.1/IRF-4-dependent mechanism behind kaempferol’s anti-inflammatory results.
To see how kaempferol affected immune responses in dwelling organisms, the researchers induced allergic reactions in mice utilizing the OVA (ovalbumin) protein present in egg whites. They discovered that administering kaempferol to those mice alleviated their allergic signs.
“The rapid decrease in body temperature and allergic diarrhea observed after OVA administration were significantly suppressed in mice that were administered kaempferol,” explains Prof. Nishiyama.
These outcomes point out that kaempferol is a really promising pure remedy for meals allergic reactions. Nevertheless, the authors notice that additional research are required, particularly with human cells, to duplicate these outcomes and really use kaempferol as an allergy medication.
Whereas this examine centered on kaempferol’s position in decreasing irritation, flavonoids as an entire are very promising anti-allergic compounds, as they’re current in a big number of meals.
The authors recommend that the chemical construction of flavonoids might play a task of their capability to speed up regulatory T-cell growth. This has vital implications for the way we deal with allergic reactions—common consumption of meals containing excessive quantities of flavonoids might function pure treatments to alleviate allergic signs.
Additional emphasizing the significance of supplementing your day by day food regimen with flavonoids, Prof. Nishiyama says, “When taken as a daily food, they are expected to reduce allergies, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases that are caused or aggravated by excessive immune response.”
Extra info:
Miki Takahashi et al, Kaempferol Exerts Anti‐Inflammatory Results by Accelerating Treg Improvement through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor‐Mediated and PU.1/IRF4‐Dependent Transactivation of the Aldh1a2/Raldh2 Gene in Dendritic Cells, Allergy (2024). DOI: 10.1111/all.16410
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Flavonoid powerhouse: Kaempferol’s position in taming allergic responses (2024, December 16)
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