Assortment-to-submission instances by nation for extremely pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1). Credit score: Nature Biotechnology (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41587-025-02636-6
The worldwide common for international locations to report genetic details about fowl flu, essential to monitoring and stopping a human pandemic, was seven months, and Canada got here in final, a brand new examine has discovered.
Authors of the non-peer reviewed commentary printed in the present day in Nature Biotechnology say the work highlights the pressing want for Canada and different international locations to hurry up the pipeline from sampling an contaminated creature, evaluation of the genetic info, and submission to a world scientific database.
Dr. Sarah Otto (SO), professor within the division of zoology, and Sean Edgerton (SE) (he/him), zoology doctoral pupil, focus on why getting this info rapidly is essential, and the way Canada has pulled its socks up as soon as earlier than.
Why do we’d like this knowledge?
SO: We have to monitor the evolution of viruses if we’re to have any hope of stopping one other pandemic. The actual flu pressure we’re nervous about, H5N1, has wreaked havoc on the dairy and poultry business in a number of international locations and unfold to a whole lot of species of birds and mammals, however up to now, the virus has not advanced the options wanted to unfold effectively amongst people. With real-time genetic knowledge being submitted from all over the world, we are able to control these options and, if we see this evolution, increase the alarm.
We did this with the COVID variants. By monitoring the virus’s evolution via genetic knowledge, we had been in a position to present superior warnings concerning the unfold of variants, permitting public well being responses similar to growing hospital capability and rapidly providing vaccines to these most in danger. Collectively, we saved lives.
What did you discover?
SE: We checked out near 19,000 H5N1 samples from January 2021 to December 2024 on a world database, the International Initiative for Sharing All Influenza Knowledge (GISAID). We measured the time taken from when a pattern of the virus was collected from an animal or human via evaluation of the genetic knowledge to submission to this database, the place it is then obtainable for different scientists to check. We then calculated the common per nation submitting at the least 50 sequences. We discovered the worldwide common was about 228 days. Canada was the slowest at 618 days on common. The quickest international locations had been the Czech Republic and the Netherlands at solely 25 days on common.
It was a bit surprising how lengthy it took particularly for a virus with pandemic potential like H5N1.
Why are the delays this lengthy?
SO: We’re unsure, however the delays might be as a result of variety of totally different establishments concerned in all the assortment, evaluation, and submission course of. As well as, there may be little focused funding to watch H5N1 in Canadian wildlife, so most efforts to watch the unfold of this extremely pathogenic flu virus are piggy-backing on different research.
What can we do?
SO: I do know we are able to get higher. Canada improved submission instances dramatically for SARS-CoV-2, dropping knowledge delays from about 88 days to 16. Canada is now one of many strongest and most effective international locations informing the world about adjustments to the virus that causes COVID-19. We are able to do the identical with H5N1.
We’re additionally involved about latest restrictions on gathering and sharing info in the USA, with widespread firing of presidency scientists and restrictions on knowledge sharing. Wildlife do not care about borders, so Canada must step as much as the plate and monitor what’s taking place in North America to assist alert ourselves and different international locations to worrisome adjustments on this virus.
Extra info:
Sarah P. Otto et al, Prolonged delays in H5N1 genome submissions to GISAID, Nature Biotechnology (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41587-025-02636-6
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College of British Columbia
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Q&A: Canada slowest in reporting fowl flu at 618 days—however previous COVID response exhibits potential for enchancment (2025, March 25)
retrieved 25 March 2025
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