Past the Cuban diaspora, the style referred to as reparto is overwhelmingly unknown. However on the streets of Havana and Hialeah, Miami, reparto is inescapable, pulsing from balconies and transportable audio system on the seaside.
Born in Cuba’s working-class neighborhoods — identified colloquially as repartos — this hyperkinetic fusion of reggaetón, timba and Afro-Cuban rhythms has develop into the island’s rating. Within the mid-2000s, artists like Chocolate MC and Elvis Manuel constructed the style’s sound on distorted synth stabs, shouted call-and-response hooks, and the distinct Cuban clave beat that makes your physique transfer earlier than your mind may even catch up.
It’s additionally develop into a platform for youth navigating shortage, surveillance and desires of escaping poverty. The lyrics, characteristically and unapologetically obscene, replicate the realities of life in marginalized communities. However alongside its rhythmic bravado, reparto’s specific language usually veers into the dehumanizing and misogynistic.
The music facilities on girls, however as a rule, as objects: the perra to overcome, the diabla to tame, the culo to catalog in specific element. And it’s no shock: The style’s blunt portrayal of ladies mirrors the machismo deeply embedded in on a regular basis Cuban life.
It’s a chorus you’re certain to listen to in any and each nightclub: “¿Donde están las mujeres?” However the subsequent time 10 reparteros hyperlink up for a monitor, they most likely received’t name a lady. Inside a style that revolves so closely round their our bodies, girls’s voices nonetheless stay uncommon.
So, ¿dónde están las mujeres? Or, the place are the ladies making reparto?
“Chocolate is the king, but who is the queen?” says Seidy Carrera, identified artistically as Seidy La Niña. “There’s a space that needs to be filled with women. There’s no f—ing women!”
On the onset of reparto, early reparteras like Melissa and Claudia slipped transient feminine cameos into membership anthems. Greater than a decade later, because of Cuba’s solely current, and nonetheless extraordinarily restricted, web entry, these artists and their collaborations have a seemingly untraceable digital footprint. Nonetheless, most playlists orbit male voices, and collaborations hardly ever invite girls to the sales space: “When reparteros come together on a track, they never call a woman,” she says.
Carrera, 32, was born within the reparto El Cotorro and raised in Miami since she was 6. The self-proclaimed queen of reparto, the paradox defines her profession: She fights for house in a scene whose attraction lies in her uncooked neighborhood realism, however detractors query her authenticity as a gringa, or as they might name her, yuma.
“I feel resistance every day, every single day,” she says. In response, she reclaims the discriminatory language used towards her; onstage, she chants “más perra que bonita,” flipping the curse-word from insult to empowerment.
“It’s empowering to say, I’m more perra than pretty. To me, being a perra is being a woman who’s exclusive, who makes her own money. In my case, … nobody opened the door for me, nobody gave me a hand.”
For Havana-based singer-composer Melanie Santiler, 24, the double customary hits her earlier than she will be able to even sing her first notice: “I feel that I have to do twice as well. I have to put in double the thought, double the effort, double the talent, always having something more to say,” she says.
“It’s exhausting. It’s exhausting being a woman, having to get up and tell yourself, damn, I have to look pretty and put together. I spent my whole life in school with an onion bun because I didn’t want to do my hair,” Santiler says and laughs, messy bun flopping round her face.
Reaching virtually 5 million YouTube views on her 2025 viral collab, “Todo se Supera” with Velito el Bufón, she’s damaged into the reparto house as one of many style’s most distinctive voices. Beside this rise, she’s confronted a newfound stress to decorate a approach she usually wouldn’t, a magnificence customary her masculine counterparts don’t face.
Aliaisys Alvarez Hernández — higher referred to as Ozunaje — says she doesn’t face the identical criticism within the city Cuban music scene, probably because of her sexuality and extra masculine look. “Reparto is a genre for men, that’s how I see it,” she says. “I dress like a man, I practically live my life like a man, so what I write resembles what men are already saying. That also gave me an impulse, where I feel like more feminine artists, they have to work harder.”
A former rhythmic gymnast from La Habana, Hernández, 23, stumbled into music when mates recorded her singing a demo of “Cosas del Amor” in her lounge. Somebody uploaded the video, it went viral, and instantly, she had a profession. Since that begin, Hernández refuses to solely be in contrast with different reparteras.
Her purpose has at all times been to be measured towards males, since “that’s who people actually listen to.” Dressing in historically masculine clothes, paired with a deep, raspy supply, helps her lyrics resonate with locals with out the additional hurdle of hyper-sexualized expectations.
Hernández’s androgynous wardrobe and open queerness convey one other layer of potential discrimination, however regardless of the rampant homophobia persistent in present-day Cuba, she doesn’t really feel a lot resistance. “The worst word they throw at me is tortillera, but it doesn’t affect me,” she says, including, “People like my style, they like that I dress like a guy. Everybody tells me, you have tremendo flow, I love your aguaje, so I haven’t faced any bullying. Never.”
Misogynistic currents in reparto mirror these in early reggaetón, reflecting the typical avenue machismo. The style’s marginal roots complicate blanket condemnations, because the similar raunchy lyrics usually encode critiques of sophistication exclusion. Nonetheless, reaching larger levels would require modifying essentially the most gratuitous slurs, if solely to broaden the music’s export potential. A minimum of, Ozunaje thinks so.
“Reparto came from people who were poor, who had nothing, who were desperate to get out. Nobody imagined it would get this big. Now it’s reaching the whole world, so the vocabulary has to evolve,” she says.
Santiler echoes this critique. “It’s become really repetitive. I think right now, everyone is talking about the same thing. It’s been really easy. Facilista,” she says, utilizing the Spanish time period for taking the simple approach out. Santiler loves reparto’s swing, however calls most of it objectifying, pointing to Unhealthy Bunny’s “Andrea” and “Neverita,” together with C. Tangana’s “El Madrileño,” as proof that city music can develop past bed room conquests.
“The street already says these things, and reparto just writes it. It’s an image of what’s happening. But I grew up with other types of music and other types of references, so I’d like to expand beyond that, to make something fresh.”
Santiler provides that the premise of reparto, each in her gratitude and her criticism, comes from delight.
“I love Cuba, I love my country. The current generation of Cuba doesn’t reject their identity — they’re doing the opposite. They want to create a new culture, to create a new movement, and they want the world to know Cuba again,” she says.
