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A latest research led by MedUni Vienna gives new insights into the mechanisms of coagulation in individuals with hemophilia A, the most typical type of hemophilia. The analysis workforce was in a position to present that saliva comprises particular vesicles that set off fast coagulation of the blood of hemophilic sufferers. The outcomes, which had been lately revealed within the journal Blood, contribute considerably to a greater understanding of the illness.
Hemophilia is a hereditary blood dysfunction characterised by a deficiency of sure coagulation components, which might result in life-threatening bleeding if left untreated. Why hemophilia A (with issue VIII deficiency) typically results in joint bleeding, however not often to mucosal bleeding, was beforehand unclear.
Searching for an evidence, the scientific workforce led by Johannes Thaler and Cihan Ay (Medical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Division of Medication I, MedUni Vienna) and Rienk Nieuwland (Amsterdam College Medical Facilities) studied analysis into the significance of the physique’s personal fluids for blood coagulation, which had been forgotten for many years.
The researchers found that the saliva of hemophilia A sufferers comprises extrinsic tenase complexes, that are positioned on vesicles. Extrinsic tenase complexes are protein complexes that include two coagulation components (tissue issue TF and issue VIIa) and provoke the activation of the coagulation cascade once they come into contact with blood.
Analyses by the research authors affirm that mucosal bleeding within the mouth of those sufferers is certainly uncommon and stops rapidly. Sufferers with out this protein advanced of their saliva lack this protecting mechanism. “They therefore often suffer from oral mucosal bleeding,” reviews Thaler.
Physique fluids as activators of blood coagulation
The significance of physique fluids for coagulation was first described within the Thirties. At the moment, the common life expectancy of hemophilia sufferers was simply eight years. Viennese pediatrician Alphons Solé found that maternal milk is a robust activator of coagulation. In a scientific research, he confirmed that tamponades soaked in maternal milk rapidly introduced acute, beforehand unstoppable bleeding to a halt in hemophilia sufferers.
Nonetheless, Solé’s findings, which had been confirmed by unbiased researchers, had been forgotten. It was just a few years in the past that the workforce led by Thaler, Ay and Nieuwland revived this historic analysis. The scientists had been in a position to show that the coagulation-promoting properties of maternal milk, amniotic fluid, urine—and now additionally saliva—are as a result of presence of extracellular vesicles with extrinsic tenase complexes.
The outcomes present necessary insights into the mechanisms of coagulation and contribute to a greater understanding of hemophilia A. “At the same time, they show that it can be very rewarding to re-evaluate historical scientific work in order to develop innovative approaches for research and potentially also for the targeted treatment of patients,” says Thaler.
Extra info:
Johannes Thaler et al, Saliva of individuals with hemophilia A triggers coagulation through extrinsic tenase complexes, Blood (2024). DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024025093
Journal info:
Blood
Offered by
Medical College of Vienna
Quotation:
Saliva prompts coagulation in sufferers with hemophilia A, research finds (2025, January 14)
retrieved 15 January 2025
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