Prenatal ultrasound appointments characterize essential moments the place healthcare supplier language can form mother and father’ perceptions of their unborn little one. The phrases chosen throughout these emotionally salient visits might affect mother or father–little one relationships lengthy after delivery. Credit score: Rawpixel.com Useful resource ID: #456883677.
Being pregnant is commonly a novel expertise, marked by anticipation and psychological representations of what’s going to occur after a child’s delivery. Understanding how individuals’s experiences whereas pregnant affect their parenting expertise and the way they understand their kids after delivery might be extremely precious, because it may assist to plan new protocols geared toward higher supporting potential mother and father.
Researchers at Vanderbilt College and the College of Notre Dame not too long ago carried out a research exploring the likelihood that the phrases of medical workers throughout ultrasounds and prenatal care visits may affect mother and father’ pre-birth perceptions of their infants, in addition to how they relate with them after delivery.
Their findings, revealed in Communications Psychology, recommend that well being care suppliers can unintentionally contribute to the formation of psychological constructs that may in flip form the connection between mother and father and their kids.
“My research team has interviewed hundreds of expecting parents, and as part of the training process, I would listen to those interviews,” Kathryn L. Humphreys, affiliate professor at Vanderbilt College and senior writer of the paper, informed Medical Xpress. “I observed that when requested about expectations about their child, many pregnant people would repeat feedback well being care suppliers made throughout ultrasounds.
“These seemingly casual remarks appeared to stick with parents, and I wondered whether there may be a consequence for these comments in shaping beliefs and behaviors longer term.”
The first goal of the latest research by Humphreys and her colleagues was to grasp whether or not prenatal care visits, significantly the language that well being care suppliers use throughout these visits, can affect how mother and father understand their kids earlier than they’re even born. As well as, the workforce hoped to find out whether or not these perceptions can have lasting results on the event of kids and on their relationship with their mother and father.
“We wanted to understand both the prospective link between prenatal descriptions and later child outcomes, and whether we could experimentally demonstrate that provider language directly influences these perceptions,” defined Humphreys. “To achieve this, we conducted two complementary studies.”
As a part of their first experiment, Humphreys and her colleagues interviewed 320 pregnant girls, asking them to explain their child’s character utilizing 5 descriptive phrases. The researchers famous these descriptions down, mentioning whether or not they have been derived from prenatal care visits or different sources.

An expectant mom throughout an ultrasound examination. The workforce’s analysis discovered that the language utilized by healthcare suppliers throughout these routine prenatal visits might affect how mother and father understand their child’s character, with potential long-term results on little one improvement. Credit score: Nejron Photograph
“We then followed up with 173 participants when their children were 18 months old to assess behavioral and emotional development,” stated Humphreys. “What we found was putting—descriptions attributed to prenatal care visits have been practically thrice extra more likely to be unfavourable than these from every other supply.
“More concerning, children described more negatively during pregnancy had higher levels of behavioral and emotional difficulties in toddlerhood, regardless of whether any of the descriptions came from prenatal care visits or not.”
Total, the findings of this primary experiment advised that oldsters’ unfavourable perceptions of their kids’s character throughout being pregnant have been related to extra behavioral and emotional difficulties of their toddlers. To find out whether or not the phrases of well being care suppliers brought on mother and father to develop particular views of their kids, Humphreys and her colleagues carried out a second research.
“In our second experiment, 161 participants watched videos of an ultrasound,” defined Humphreys. “Every participant was randomly assigned to listen to one among three completely different explanations for why a repeat scan was wanted: one blaming the infant, one citing technical points, or one framing it as a chance to strengthen the mother or father–little one relationship.
“We then asked participants to describe the baby’s personality. Those who heard the baby blamed were 23 times more likely to use negative descriptors than those in the relationship-focused condition.”
The outcomes of the 2 experiments carried out by this analysis workforce recommend that the phrases of well being care suppliers throughout being pregnant can in actual fact have lasting results on how mother and father view their kids’s character, whereas additionally probably impacting the youngsters’s improvement. This perception may assist to enhance prenatal care protocols, with the intention of higher supporting people on their journey in the direction of parenthood.
“Practically speaking, this research suggests we need to rethink how prenatal care providers communicate with expecting parents,” stated Humphreys. “Rather than casually attributing personality traits to fetuses during ultrasounds—particularly negative ones like ‘stubborn’ or ‘uncooperative’—providers could focus on explaining technical aspects of the procedure or, likely better, emphasize opportunities for connection.”
The researchers hope that their work will contribute to the event of latest communication pointers for prenatal care suppliers, which may play a job in fostering wholesome parent-child relationships from the earliest phases of life.
In the meantime, Humphreys and her colleagues plan to proceed exploring the hyperlink between the work of prenatal care suppliers and post-natal outcomes, with the hope of figuring out different alternatives for the development of maternity and potential parenting well being care companies.
“First, we’re collecting information about descriptions of the child and the influence of prenatal care experiences on those descriptions across multiple cohorts, including with expecting mothers and fathers, in order to replicate and extend our findings,” added Humphreys.
“Second, we’re working to achieve sonographers and different well being care suppliers who work with people throughout being pregnant to discover ways to facilitate communication that helps the mother or father–little one relationship.
“Finally, we’re planning longer-term follow-up studies to understand how these early perceptions influence parent–child interactions and child development across early childhood and beyond.”
Extra info:
Kaylin E. Hill et al, Proof that prenatal care go to experiences affect perceptions of the kid, Communications Psychology (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s44271-025-00256-z
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