“Ulysses” will not be James Joyce’s most tough novel. That distinction must go to “Finnegans Wake,” a e book that has been described as unreadable even by its most fervent admirers. However “Ulysses,” the modernist novel that modified the course of twentieth century literature, is notoriously demanding.
The e book bested me after I first gave it a go in my pupil days. I anticipated to dash by “Ulysses” in a few weeks however discovered myself operating uphill in a race I feared may by no means finish. I lastly did make it to the end line, panting and red-faced. However I knew Joyce and I must have one other rendezvous after I wasn’t in such a rush to test a canonical field.
It took greater than 35 years for that reunion to occur. The e book got here again on my radar as a result of Elevator Restore Service, the offbeat New York efficiency troupe greatest identified for “Gatz,” a marathon rendering of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby,” was coming to city with its stage model of “Ulysses.” (The manufacturing, offered by Middle for the Artwork of Efficiency, had a short run final weekend at UCLA Little Theater.)
However one thing else was drawing me again to Joyce, a have to breathe purer air. I may spend my free time doomscrolling, or I may problem myself to a better pleasure.
This time round I imposed no deadline. I’d learn “Ulysses” for the sheer pleasure of studying. It didn’t take lengthy to be reminded that pleasure isn’t essentially pain-free. I struggled previous the roadblocks, cursing at what I took to be Joyce’s willful obscurity as I consulted Terence Killeen’s “Ulysses Unbound,” a user-friendly reader’s information, in addition to myriad on-line sources, together with Google Translate to deal with the polyglot writer’s staggering vary.
I extemporized a program of studying a chapter alone after which listening to it through the wonderful RTÉ recordings of “Ulysses” (accessible as a podcast) that carry to life the novel’s symphony of voices. The exhilaration I got here to expertise entailed a good quantity of exasperation. The exertion that was required appeared to belong to a pre-internet age.
Into this complicated scheme, Joyce incorporates all types of radical literary experiments. An important of those is the stream of consciousness method that’s developed in ways in which had by no means been tried earlier than. Joyce tunes into the interior musings of his characters as simply as he samples the collective consciousness, previous and current. The novel, Edmund Wilson writes in his super-lucid chapter on Joyce in “Axel’s Castle,” strikes from the ripest naturalism, awash in bodily secretions and pungent smells, to essentially the most feverish symbolism, the place dream logic liquefies goal actuality.
What I derived from the novel in my late 50s will not be what I took away in my 20s. I used to be amused at what I had underlined as an overeager pupil, all the time looking out for the explanatory phrase. However I’m positive in time my newest markings within the e book, like pictures of an previous coiffure, will even elicit a watch roll. A literary work as dense as “Ulysses” can’t assist however function a mirror of 1’s psychological life.
Stephanie Weeks and Christopher-Rashee Stevenson in ERS’ stage model of “Ulysses.”
(Jason Williams)
My expertise of this ERS manufacturing is exclusive to the second of my encounter. Had I not simply cohabited with “Ulysses” for the final month, I little question would have spent the intermission studying chapter summaries on my cellphone to get a deeper understanding of the story.
I used to be relieved that this model of “Ulysses” wasn’t an eight-hour affair like “Gatz,” which supplied the whole textual content of “The Great Gatsby.” (Joyce’s novel would take a minimum of 24 hours to learn aloud, or all of Bloomsday, the annual celebration of the writer.) The novel’s 18 chapters are served cafeteria-style, a bit from this part, a bit from that, to offer an summary of the principle motion.
The main target is on Bloom’s wanderings by Dublin on June 16, 1904, the day his spouse, Molly, a famous singer, begins an affair with an expert colleague named Blazes Boylan. Subsidiary however no much less integral is Stephen’s crisscrossing path by town. When these displaced, grief-laden males lingeringly intersect late within the novel, nothing actually adjustments by way of the plot however all the things adjustments by way of the e book’s non secular design.
Within the intimate confines of Macgowan Corridor’s Little Theater, seven actors took their seats at convention tables lined up for what appeared like a panel dialogue. An institutional clock saved monitor of the fictional time of day. Scott Shepherd, an ERS mainstay who was not solely a part of the ensemble but in addition co-directed with John Collins and served as dramaturg, launched the proceedings in an impishly folksy method paying homage to the Stage Supervisor in Thornton Wilder’s “Our Town.”
He defined that the textual content could be fast-forwarded usually. When this occurred, the sound of a screeching tape catapulted the corporate to a different passage within the e book. Joyce’s phrases rang out mellifluously in the beginning of the manufacturing, however as the principle characters emerged from the studying, among the musicality of the writing was misplaced.
ERS doesn’t visitors in emotional realism or literal re-creation. The corporate’s aesthetic mode is wayward, indirect, free and jocular. In “Gatz,” the novel’s narrative texture was conveyed by zany approximation — the troupe discovering Fitzgerald not by effacing itself however by embracing its eccentric distinction.
The identical finally occurred right here, however I needed to resign myself to what was lacking.
What I discover irresistible about “Ulysses” is the readability with which the inside lives of Stephen and Bloom come into sight. Amid all of the rhetorical puzzles and literary pyrotechnics, these characters divulge to us their longings and insecurities, their preoccupations and rationalizations, their alienation and sociability — in brief, their souls or, as Bloom extra scientifically defines this mystical human substance, “gray matter.”
Hamlet-figures wearing inky black, they’re each processing loss. Bloom, whose day’s journey takes him to the funeral of a buddy, continues to be mourning his son, Rudy, who died shortly after beginning. Stephen, known as again from Paris as his mom was dying, is tormented a 12 months later by his refusal to hope over her as she urged him to do.
Estranged in several methods — Bloom as a Jew (with a spouse with a free status) and Stephen as a freethinking younger artist in Catholic Eire — they’ve complementary wants. Bloom to like and to go on a few of what he has realized, Stephen to develop into safe and steady sufficient to appreciate his huge potential.
On stage, Stephen (Christopher-Rashee Stevenson), carrying the go well with jacket and brief trousers of a schoolboy prince of Denmark, was a surprisingly recessive presence. Stevenson appeared to intentionally deflect consideration from Stephen’s phrases, mumbling strains as if they have been the character’s personal property and never meant to be spoken aloud. (A defensible literary interpretation however a theatrically deadening one.) Stevenson really created a extra vivid impression in his transient look as Bloom’s cat.
Vin Knight was extra dynamic as Bloom, the variation’s clear protagonist. Costume designer Enver Chakartash dressed the character, described at one level within the e book as a “new womanly man,” in a mourning jacket and sophisticated skirt, with inexperienced socks including a fey accent to the gender-fluid ensemble. Knight discovered the gravity of the pragmatic, rational Bloom whereas preserving his important nimbleness.
The surrogate father-son flirtation between Stephen and Bloom amassed energy extra by the staging than by appearing. Scenically, the narrative constructed because it proceeded. The convention tables have been imaginatively reconfigured by the design collective dots for the surreal brothel scene, and the lighting of Marika Kent made wild magic with out disrupting the minimalist scheme.
Maggie Hoffman in Elevator Restore Service’s “Ulysses.”
(Jason Williams)
The manufacturing was considerably more proficient in telling than exhibiting. (Stephanie Weeks, Dee Beasnael and Kate Benson, along with taking part in quite a few supporting characters, helped hold the narration easily on monitor.)
I want everybody had Shepherd’s command of the corporate’s home fashion. His cameos as Blazes Boylan, jitterbugging throughout the stage with the self-satisfied air of a rustic rake, weren’t simply enlivening however renewing, capturing the character in a brand new idiom.
Maggie Hoffman delivered Molly’s stream of erotic consciousness that ends the novel with simply the proper contact of unabashed earthiness. If I hadn’t not too long ago listened to the sensible rendition of Pegg Monahan within the RTÉ Broadcast, I may not have missed the ferocious Irish lilt that animates the animal lusts and petty grievances of Joyce’s character.
I ought to confess that I turned to the novel as an escape from my disgust with our political state of affairs. However politics runs by the e book. Eire is underneath brutal colonial rule, and partisan battle is as inescapable as non secular strife.
However Stephen and Bloom don’t need to be dominated by ideology. Stephen resists having his mental freedom ensnared by patriotic sanctimony: “Let my country die for me,” he drunkenly tells a British soldier.
Bloom contends that “Force, hatred, history, all that” are “not life for men and women, insult and hatred.” It’s the other of this stuff “that is really life,” by which he means “love.”
Joyce provides us this perception in a e book that understands that it’s no extra attainable to dismiss politics than it’s to cast off the calls for of the physique. We exist in concentric realms, and our multifarious lives can solely be lived. The identical is true for artwork. There are issues I needed from this stage manufacturing that I didn’t get. However there have been surprising rewards, and my view of “Ulysses” expanded.
We should make room on the mattress of life and say, as Molly does within the e book’s final phrase: “Yes.”
